Elementary School Students' and their Parents' Preferences for Counselors     

NANCY PINCHOT  ANTHONY C. RICCIO  HERMAN J. PETERS 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1975,15(1):28-33

This is the fourth in a series of studies underway at Ohio State University exploring the importance of race, sex, and ethnic origin in the expression of counselor preference. This study emphasizes the importance of these variables for elementary school students and their parents and discusses the implications of these findings for counselor preparation.  相似文献   

AN ITERATIVE ITEM BIAS DETECTION METHOD   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HENK VAN DER  FLIER GIDEON J. MELLENBERGH  HERMAN J. ADÈR  MARINA WIJN 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1984,21(2):131-145

Two strategies for assessing item bias are discussed: methods that compare (transformed) item difficulties unconditional on ability level and methods that compare the probabilities of correct response conditional on ability level. In the present study, the logit model was used to compare the probabilities of correct response to an item by members of two groups, these probabilities being conditional on the observed score. Here the observed score serves as an indicator of ability level. The logit model was iteratively applied: In the Tth iteration, the T items with the highest value of the bias statistic are excluded from the test, and the observed score indicator of ability for the (T + 1)th iteration is computed from the remaining items. This method was applied to simulated data. The results suggest that the iterative logit method is a substantial improvement on the noniterative one, and that the iterative method is very efficient in detecting biased and unbiased items.  相似文献   

Still a gendered technology? Issues in teaching information and communication technologies at the UK Open University     

CHRIS BISSELL  DAVID CHAPMAN  CLEM HERMAN  LEY ROBINSON 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2003,28(1):27-35

Over the last 5 years the Faculty of Technology of the UK Open University has redesigned most of its courses in the information and communication technologies. This paper reviews some of the issues, the changes made and what has been achieved. The combination of changes to content, pedagogy and marketing appears to have made the new generation of courses significantly more attractive to women--although it is difficult to disentangle the effects of the various changes.  相似文献   

Interpersonal Relations: Some Suggestions for Theory Development     

JOHN W. ROBINSON  AL HERMAN 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1984,24(1):28-39

This article argues the need for theory development in the field of interpersonal relations training. Criteria, based on the four major divisions of philosophic inquiry (ontology, logic, axiology, and epistemology), are presented for assessing the substantive adequacy of interpersonal relations training theories. Three views of interpersonal relations—Ivey and Authier's Microcounseling, Kagan's Interpersonal Process Recall, and Strong's Social Psychological Approach—are then examined using these four criteria.  相似文献   

So,are early career researchers the harbingers of change?     

David Nicholas  Anthony Watkinson  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Jie Xu  Abdullah Abrizah  Marzena wigo&#x;  David Clark  Eti Herman 《Learned Publishing》2019,32(3):237-247

This article provides the final results of a 3‐year study that sought to discover whether early career researchers (ECRs) were the harbingers of change with respect to scholarly communications. Over a hundred science and social science ECRs from seven countries, spanning three continents, were depth‐interviewed annually for 3 years (2016–2018) about their attitudes and behaviours with respect to 23 scholarly issues and activities (aspects). In order to provide an accessible overarching assessment of an extremely large and complex dataset, the interview data were categorized according to the strength and direction of change exhibited and the trends and points of interest raised. Results show that all ECRs have changed in one way or another, and a small minority has changed greatly in both attitude and practice and that collaboration and research impact are the scholarly aspects where most changes have occurred, and the greatest cause of change is not so much new technology as a change of jobs.  相似文献   

Does the scholarly communication system satisfy the beliefs and aspirations of new researchers? Summarizing the Harbingers research     

David Nicholas  Anthony Watkinson  Abdullah Abrizah  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Jie Xu  Marzena wigo&#x;  Eti Herman 《Learned Publishing》2020,33(2):132-141

A study from the Harbingers research project provides a comprehensive assessment of the main features of the scholarly communications system as viewed by early career researchers (ECRs) in the final year of the study (2018). Aspects covered are: discovery and access, authorship practices, peer review, publishing strategies, open access publishing, open data, sharing, collaboration, social media, metrics, impact, reputation, libraries, publishers, and scholarly transformations. Nearly 120 science and social science researchers from seven countries were questioned about these 16 aspects. It was found that some scholarly features work well for ECRs, and in this category can be included: discovery and access, authorship practices, sharing, collaboration, and publishers. Reputation, publishing strategies, and impact are more problematical, and they, in turn, cause tensions regarding some other factors – social media, open access, and open data. Of the rest, libraries are largely invisible, and ECRs have conflicting views concerning ethical behaviour. Few envisage that transformational change will take place in the next 5 years.  相似文献   

Early career researchers and their authorship and peer review beliefs and practices: An international study     

Hamid R. Jamali  David Nicholas  Anthony Watkinson  Abdullah Abrizah  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Jie Xu  Tatiana Polezhaeva  Eti Herman  Marzena wigon 《Learned Publishing》2020,33(2):142-152

This article reports on the findings of an international online survey of early career researchers (ECRs) with regard to their authorship and peer review, attitudes, and practices, which sought to discover how the new wave of researchers were utilizing these key aspects of the scholarly communications system. A questionnaire was developed on the back of a 3‐year longitudinal, qualitative study and was distributed through publisher lists, social media networks, university networks, and specialist ECR membership organizations. Identical English, Polish, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, and French versions of the questionnaire were used. Results from 1,600 respondents demonstrated that 82.7% had co‐authored a paper, and most had performed a variety of authorship tasks. Almost half the respondents reported being subject to various authorship policies, although a quarter said they were not aware of any such policies. Almost all Chinese ECRs reported being subject to authorship policies, but only a third of UK ECRs reported the same. Three‐quarters of ECRs had experience in responding to peer review, and half had been peer reviewers. Half the respondents had a good experience of review and viewed it as a valuable way to improve their authorship skills. However, there was some criticism of some shortcoming such as lengthy peer review and superficial or uninformed comments by reviewers. Double‐blind review was the preferred methodology, and there were few suggestions for how to improve the review process.  相似文献   

DIAGNOSING STUDENTS' ERRORS FROM THEIR RESPONSE SELECTIONS IN LANGUAGE ARTS     

NOREEN M. WEBB  JOAN L. HERMAN  BEVERLY CABELLO 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1986,23(2):163-170

This set of studies examined the consistency of student response patterns on a test of language arts, as a first step toward designing a computerized adaptive test to diagnose errors. A diagnostic domain-referenced language arts test was designed so that the choice of response would immediately point to a specific misconception in pronoun usage. This direct correspondence between error and diagnosis was designed to facilitate classroom instruction and remediation. Analysis of students' response choices on matched items and analysis of students' rationales for selecting their responses showed that student behavior was not always consistent and could be used to diagnose some errors but not others.  相似文献   

School-leaving Examinations,Selection and Equity in Higher Education in South Africa     

HAROLD D. HERMAN 《比较教育学》1995,31(2):261-274

This paper explores the international experience in respect of school-leaving examinations and selection for higher education. It briefly states some theories of selection for equity in societies with severe structural inequalities, why and when formal selection is done. It then advances an argument to explain the dual functions of selection in education. International trends in selection for higher education are analysed, also school-leaving examinations and university access in South Africa. The policy and experience in selection for equity at the University of the Western Cape is then discussed, as well as the academic development programme initiated. It concludes with an analysis of some of the dilemmas facing universities committed to redress and equity in the current climate of entitlement.  相似文献   

Embracing Human Science in Counseling Research     

KEITH C. HERMAN 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1997,36(4):270-283

This article reviews the historical antecedents to the human science movement in counseling, describes common human science methods, and concludes by identifying potential benefits of this research model.  相似文献